With the phenomenal growth in air traffic, governments across Asia have rolled out plans to boost airport capacity in their countries. Here’s a look at what’s coming up on the horizons
SINGAPORE
Changi Airport
By Lee Pei Qi
Why the new facility is needed With the ability to accommodate 16 million passenger movements a year, the new Terminal 4 (T4) will increase Changi Airport’s annual handling capacity to 82 million. Built on the site of the now-demolished Budget Terminal, the two-storey building will have a height of 25m and a gross floor area of about 160,000m².
Designed with the flexibility to meet the operational needs of both regional full-service and LCCs, T4 will primarily handle narrow-body aircraft. Aerobridges will be available at the boarding gates, while the airside transfer of passengers and baggage between T4 and the other terminals will be provided for.
To faciliate quicker passenger processing, departure and arrival immigration control as well as pre-boarding security screening will be centralised, baggage sortation will be fully automated while more kiosks will be provided for self check-in, self bag-tagging and self bag-drops.
Changi Airport Group has estimated a budget of about S$600 million (US$474 million) for the T4 building, with another S$680 million estimated for the construction of supporting airfield infrastructure.
Expected opening 2017
Interested airlines As T4 is still in its preliminary planning stage, the list of airlines which will be operating is not finalised yet.
What’s great about it Ho Yuen Sang, managing director, Tiger Airways Singapore, said: “T4 will benefit all carriers in Singapore and give us more room to grow our capacity. The addition of another runway would also be helpful in easing congestion, especially during the peak travel periods and timeslots.”
Luxury Tours & Travel Singapore’s director, Michael Lee, agreed: “With the improved processes in T4 like self-service options for baggages, it will provide greater convenience for passengers and speed up waiting time.”
What’s not great about it Airlines like Berjaya Air, Cebu Pacific, Firefly, South East Asian Airlines and Tiger Airways that used to operate out of the old Budget Terminal have shifted operations to Terminal 2 since September 2012.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade Brendan Sorbie, chief analyst and chief representative Southeast Asia, Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, remarked: “Terminal capacity is not the most pressing problem. Runway capacity and to a lesser extent parking capacity have become impediments to growth.
“The Changi site already includes a third runway but it is now used by military aircraft and is not currently linked to the two commercial runways. It is inevitable Changi will eventually need to open up the third runway and build the necessary links to the existing airport,” he said.
SRI LANKA
Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport, Hambantota
By Feizal Samath
Why the new facility is needed Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) at Katunayake, 30km east of Colombo, has reached its maximum capacity as passenger traffic has sharply increased with the tourist influx into Sri Lanka. BIA is now handling about six to seven million passengers a year, but as it does not have enough space for future expansion, a second gateway – Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) at Hambantota – hence becomes a necessity.
Aviation insiders are expecting airlines to start using MRIA as an alternative to BIA because it is a cheaper facility to use and it reduces travel time in southern Sri Lanka.
In case of a sudden closure of BIA, passengers can travel to MRIA and board planes there without any delays.
Opening March 2013
What’s great about it The biggest advantage in having an airport in Sri Lanka’s south is that it sharply cuts travel time to eastern parts of the country where tourism is growing. For example, it would take 2.5 hours to travel from MRIA to tourist hotspots like Arugam Bay, a renowned surfing destination, versus eight hours from BIA.
Oman Air has started using the MRIA as an alternative airport from June 1, according to Gihan Karunaratne, the airline’s Sri Lanka country manager. Oman Air had earlier used Madras, Trivandrum or Male for emergency landings.
What’s not great about it The airport is slow in taking off. More than three months since its March opening, national carrier SriLankan Airlines is the only airline operating regular flights.
“The airport was opened with a lot of fanfare raising a lot of expectations but there is little development. Foreign travellers keep asking us when they could use the MRIA and we don’t have answers,” said M H A Raheem, president of the Arugam Bay Tourism Association.
Foreign airlines are wary of operating flights as the infrastructure in the area is still under-developed. Said an official of a foreign airline who declined to be named: “I don’t think there is a proper cooling system for perishable cargo or cold rooms. Also, there should be proper passenger services and other support services like proper transportation, schools and hospitals for our staff to be relocated there.”
MRIA also needs to be promoted and marketed more extensively abroad to raise awareness of the new facility, industry insiders pointed out.
Airlines operating here SriLankan Airlines is operating four weekly flights from Mattala to Malé, two to Riyadh, two to Beijing and one to Shanghai, while Mihin Lanka is operating a weekly service to Bodh Gaya in India.
Flydubai launched thrice-weekly flights on May 22, and has ramped up the service to daily flights since June 3. Air Arabia, which suspended flights in mid-May six weeks after launching operations, is resuming thrice-weekly flights from MRIA in August. Qatar has expressed interest but no decision has been confirmed at press time.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade Owing to the ongoing recession in Europe, foreign tourists now spend a shorter period of 10-12 days in Arugam Bay, compared to a month in the past, said Raheem. “They can’t leave their office for a long period and thus every hour saved is valuable. (MRIA) will save at least a day in internal travel time for them,” he said.
Vasantha Leelananda, executive vice president and DMC sector head at John Keells Holdings, said the new airport would provide speedier access to existing hotels and upcoming debuts in the south. “The BIA has only one runway and the new airport adds another runway to our infrastructure facilities,” he said, adding that the airport provides wider travel options once fully developed.
Hiran Cooray, chairman of Jetwing Hotels, which is launching the 96-room Jetwing Yala luxury resort this October near the airport, said the MRIA had the potential to grow Sri Lankan tourism by enhancing access to the east coast, Hambantota and Yala National Park in the south.
Meanwhile, private jets flying into Sri Lanka would have better options as landing fees were cheaper than the BIA, he added.
MALAYSIA
klia2, Kuala Lumpur
By S Puvaneswary
Why the new facility is needed klia2 is being constructed to cater to the explosive growth expected in low-cost air travel. Having recorded 19.7 million passengers in 2012, a nine per growth from nearly 18 million in 2011, AirAsia forecasts that it will be carrying 28.7 million passengers per annum in 2015, a demand that is expected to be met by klia2.
When completed, klia2 can handle 45 million passengers annually and replace the congested Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), which has already breached its maximum annual carrying capacity of 15 million passengers.
Expected opening May 2, 2014, following the latest revised completion date (April 30, 2014) announced by Malaysia Airports Holdings (MAHB). There have been repeated delays on klia2’s completion date, from September 2011 to June 2013 and now May 2014 due to changes made from its original plan. The particular launch date of klia2 was chosen by prime minister Najib Tun Razak to coincide with the anniversary of KLIA, which opened in 1998.
What’s great about it klia2 will boast seamless connectivity to KLIA and KL Sentral in the city centre via land connections such as the express rail link services and public buses. The distance between klia2 and the main KLIA terminal is a mere 1.5km.
Eighty aerobridges will be at the disposal of LCCs operating out of klia2. The fully automated baggage handling system will allow quick sorting of checked baggage to the respective carriers. It will offer a greater comfort level to passengers compared with LCCT at KLIA.
The 35,000m² retail space can accommodate 225 shops, including 118 retail and branded fashion stores, 81 F&B outlets and 26 service lots, said Faizah Khairuddin, MAHB’s senior general manager of commercial services.
Other facilities include a 6,000-vehicle multi-level parking and nearby hotels such as Tune Hotel and Sama-Sama Express KLIA, an airside transit hotel.
What’s not great about it Critics have pointed out that the new airport is being built on unstable and swampy plantation land.
In a recent article by The Malaysian Insider, Democratic Action Party publicity chief Tony Pua lambasted MAHB for the repeated delays in launching klia2. Earlier in 2011, he had already questioned MAHB’s decision to move klia2 from its original northern site to the current spot in the west, which resulted in ballooning costs due to extensive earthworks required. A 1992 KLIA masterplan had advised the new airport be built on a site north of KLIA, but MAHB went ahead to locate the project on the western side.
Similarly, AirAsia CEO Tony Fernandes had also voiced concerns that the poor, unstable soil conditions of the swampy plantation had required costly, time-consuming engineering works before constructions could even begin, while the choice of site could lead to more soil works and additional costs in the future, according to a report by The Edge Malaysia.
Interested airlines All foreign LCCs, including Tiger Airways and Cebu Pacific, providing services to Kuala Lumpur will operate out of klia2 when it becomes operational. AirAsia, AirAsia X and Malindo Air will be anchor airlines.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade Grandlotus Travel Agencies managing director, K Thangavelu, said improvements in terms of convenience and passenger comfort as well as the ease of connectivity between KLIA and klia2 will boost overseas travellers’ confidence in using Kuala Lumpur as a transit point or as a travel destination. “This will benefit inbound tour operators as a whole,” he remarked.
Thangavelu also pointed out that baggage transfer facilities between KLIA and klia2 will benefit airlines with interline agreements. He said: “This will benefit the tourism industry as the likelihood of tourists using Kuala Lumpur as a transit hub will further increase.
“Aerobridge facilities are currently not available at LCCT. Aerobridge facilities at klia2 will provide added safety and convenience to airline passengers. Wheelchair-bound passengers can be wheeled easily into the aircraft.”
THAILAND
Suvarnabhumi International Airport, Bangkok
By Greg Lowe
Why the expansion is needed Suvarnabhumi International Airport is currently operating well over its official capacity of 45 million, with 52 million passengers having passed through its gates last year. Immigration services have become increasingly strained and the crowds are only expected to grow with the seemingly unstoppable growth of Thailand’s tourism industry.
The congestion would had been worse if Thai AirAsia and several other LCCs had not relocated to the recently revitalised Don Muang Airport in October 2012. “Imagine what it would be like with another six to eight million AirAsia passengers walking about the place,” said Bangkok Airways senior vice president of network management, Peter Wiesner.
Expected completion Officially 2016, but industry sources are sceptical. After all, Suvarnabhumi took a staggering 28 years to complete before it finally opened in 2006.
What’s great about it Suvarnabhumi’s location is seen as its strongest point. Said Brian Sinclair-Thompson, a longstanding member of the Board of Airlines Representatives executive committee in Thailand: “Where else in the world do we enjoy an airport facility that is so conveniently located apropos the rest of the city?
“It’s bounded by two arterial roads, has a superb airport express (rail link) which needs to be promoted more heavily – we need to realise the luxury of what we’ve got here.”
The Suvarnabhumi Airport Development Project or Expansion Project (Phase II) will increase the airport capacity to 60 million passengers a year. The east side of the main passenger service terminal will be expanded to 60,000m², plus a new 1,000-space five-storey car park. More importantly, it will increase the number of runways from two to three, all of which can handle Airbus A380s.
What’s not great about it The Suvarnabhumi situation raises two key issues: first, the planned upgrade is expected to do little more than meet the current demand when it becomes operational in 2016 or later, which means the airport will be on the back foot from the day the expansion is completed. Second, while the re-opening of Don Muang was widely accepted as necessary to cope with overcrowding, the Thai government appears to be backtracking on its single airport policy for Bangkok.
“Suvarnabhumi was promised as part of a single airport policy, as a gateway to Southeast Asia…The message we’re getting from the AoT (Airports of Thailand) now is they want to develop both runways at Don Muang and expand them to carry A380s. That doesn’t sound very temporary to me,” said a senior airline executive who requested anonymity.
This has created havoc for passengers needing transfers from one airport to another to make connecting flights. “You have to have some form of reliable connection any time of the day,” said Robert Maurer-Loeffler, general manager of Centara Grand and Bangkok Convention Centre. “There’s no rail system connecting the two airports. Transfers currently take hours.”
Airlines operating here All major international and regional airlines, plus a number of charter flights and LCCs.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade The Association of Thai Travel Agents will work to increase the capacity of its members to serve the greater demand, but travel specialists are not expecting any game-changing developments.
“If (airport) capacity is increased we will benefit from an increase in arrivals, but it won’t really create any new areas of business or opportunities for us beyond that,” said Sebastian Kromberg, inbound manager at Asian Trails Thailand.
INDONESIA
Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali
By Mimi Hudoyo
Why the expansion is needed Passenger traffic at Ngurah Rai International Airport has been growing at an average of 15 per cent in the last few years, according to the airport’s general manager Rai Purwanto. Last year, the airport handled around 13.5 million passengers, way beyond the capacity of seven million passengers a year, he added.
Expected opening Partially opened from June 2013; full opening in September 2013
What’s great about it The 2.8 trillion rupiah (US$280 million) project will see a new 120,000m² international terminal and the conversion of the old 65,800m² international terminal to become the domestic terminal. Both terminals will enable the airport to accommodate up to 25 million passengers annually.
Other renovation works include the construction of a 50,000m² parking building, plus a 7,000m² bus and taxi space, including a separate area for coach and bus on standby and a dedicated area for private car pick up.
What’s not great about it Building a second runway is not possible as the airport has reached its maximum space allocation, according to Purwanto.
Bali will need to build a new airport should it want a bigger facility in future. There are plans to build a new airport in northern Bali, but no definite location and time frame have been set.
On the other hand, Indonesia Tourism Industry Association (GIPI) Bali Chapter chairman, Ida Bagus Ngurah Wijaya, viewed the current airport’s space constraint as positive as he believed Bali needed to limit arrivals. Ngurah said: “We want quality, rather than quantity.”
Which airlines serving Thirty-one regional and international airlines (including regular, seasonal and charter services) and 14 Indonesian airlines.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade Melali MICE Bali managing director, Ketut Jaman, said: “The good news is that not only is the airport capacity increasing, which will mean smoother flow of traffic, guest and baggage handling, but also the development of infrastructure outside the airport. The Nusa Dua-Ngurah Rai-Benoa toll road (scheduled to finish in July) will ease the traffic problem in Bali.
“Going forward, we can expect more business, both leisure and MICE, domestic and international, to come to Bali.”
THE PHILIPPINES
Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila
By Marianne Carandang
Why the expansion is needed According to the Civil Aeronautics Bureau, Ninoy Aquino International Airport’s (NAIA) international passenger movement slowed 6.8 percent from 2011 to 16.7 million passengers in 2012 – the lowest rate in three years – due to heavy congestion.
NAIA’s single runway handles commercial flights from all four terminals as well as charters and cargo, increasing tarmac time before take-off, while insufficient gates also cause additional delays for incoming planes.
Terminal 1 hosts most international flights but can currently handle only about six million passengers yearly. Without significant renovations since opening in 1981, the terminal has execeeded its designated capacity for decades. Travellers experience long queues at check-in and arrivals, and the terminal suffers from inadequate amenities such as insufficient toilets.
Terminal 3, which opened in 2008, is operating at only 52 percent of its total 13 million passengers capacity, and needs retrofit repairs due to lack of use.
The Philippine Department of Transport and Communication (DOTC) has recently announced a 2.8 billion pesos (US$64.6 million) renovation project for Terminal 1. It will also spend two billion pesos to upgrade Terminal 3 to increase its annual passenger capacity to 14 million and ease congestion at Terminal 1.
Terminal 2 is used exclusively by Philippine Airlines (PAL), while Terminal 4 serves all domestic flights operated by Zest Airways and South East Asian Airlines; both terminals also suffer from congestion problems.
Expected opening Terminal 1’s renovation is due to complete in mid-2015; Terminal 3 is set to be fully operational in 1Q2014.
What’s great about it Complementing the Terminal 1 makeover is a 15.5 billion peso plan to build a 5.2km expressway to connect NAIA’s three terminals with exit ramps in the Manila Bay area, enhancing access to Entertainment City (where Solaire Resort & Casino is located) and its three upcoming integrated resorts (Belle Grande Manila Bay, Resorts World Bayshore and Manila Bay Resorts). The expressway is due to finish in 2015.
What’s not great about it There are no plans to implement new rapid-exit taxiways and upgrade navigation aids to ease runway congestion.
DOTC secretary Emilio Abaya has announced plans to “maximise” NAIA’s facilities by 2025, which by then another airport in the Metro Manila is likely to be built, reflecting the stop-gap nature of the government’s plans.
Airlines operating here/interested airlines Thirty airlines, including PAL, Cebu Pacific, Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, Korean Air, Emirates and Etihad Airways.
Turkish Airways and Jet Airways were previously considering services from Istanbul and Mumbai respectively, but slotting issues derailed plans.
Only one international airline (All Nippon Airways) flies from Terminal 3, but all international carriers will be moved here when renovations are completed, while all Cebu Pacific flights will fly out from Terminal 1 instead.
How it will change stakes for the travel trade Philippine travel operators and foreign carriers have long pushed for the transfer of international flights to the newer Terminal 3 to create a better impression for visitors to the country.
“When we compare NAIA to (other airports worldwide), we can see it doesn’t conform to international standards,” said Maria Michelle Reyes-Victoria, president and general manager of Golden Eagle Travel&Tours. “It’s time we upgraded the airport. A better airport will be more enticing (to travellers).”
Additional reporting from Feizal Samath, S Puvaneswary, Greg Lowe, Mimi Hudoyo, Marianne Carandang
